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1. Rubber Cultivation Technology

To build the necessary rubber plantation management and technology

rubber cultivation which includes, the following activities:

• Terms grow rubber plants

• recommendation of rubber clones

• planting material / seeds

• Preparation of planting and cultivation

• Maintenance of crop: weed control, fertilization and

disease control

• Tapping / harvest

Basically the rubber plants require the terms of climatic conditions to support growth and soil conditions as the growth medium.

a. Climate

Areas suitable for rubber plants is on the zone between 150 and 150 LU LS. Beyond that somewhat hampered the growth of rubber plants that began to produce too late.

Rainfall

Rubber plants require optimum rainfall between 2,500 mm to 4,000 mm / year, with rainy days ranges from 100 up. 150 HH / year. However, if frequent rain in the morning, the production will be reduced.

High places

Basically the rubber plants grow optimally in the lowlands with an altitude of 200 m above sea level. Altitude> 600 m from the sea surface is not suitable for growing rubber trees. Optimal temperature required ranges from 25C to 35C.

Wind

Wind speed is too fast in general are not good for rubber cultivation

Soil

Dry land for the growth of rubber plants in general require more physical properties of soil as compared with their chemical properties.

Various types of soil can grow plants in accordance with the terms of rubber both young and old volcanic soil, even on peat soil <2 m. Volcanic soil has a fairly good physical properties, especially the structure, texture, sulum, depth of soil water, aeration and drainage, but their chemical properties are generally less well because of low haranya content. Usually quite fertile alluvial soil, but the physical properties mainly poor drainage and aerasenya. Soil reaction ranges from pH 3, 0 - pH 8.0 but does not fit at pH <3.0 and> 8.0 pH.

The properties

of land suitable for rubber plants in general, among others:

- Sulum soil to 100 cm, there are no rocks and

layers of rock

- Aerase and adequate drainage

- The texture of the soil crumbs, poreus and can hold water

- The structure consists of 35% clay and 30% sand

- Land bergambut no more than 20 cm

- The content of NPK nutrients and not enough nutrient deficiencies

micro-

- Reaction of the soil with a pH 4.5 - pH 6.5

- The slope of the land <16% and - Surface soil water <100 cm.

2. Rubber clones Recommendations Breeding activities in Indonesia has many rubber producing klonklon excel as a producer of latex rubber and timber. At the National Workshop on Rubber Plant Breeding, 2005, has recommended a new high yielding clones for generation-4-year period from 2006 to 2010, ie clone: ​​IRR 5, IRR 32, IRR 39, IRR 42, IRR 104, IRR 112 and IRR 118. Clone 112 IRR 42 and IRR will be filed disposal while other clones had the IRR is officially released. Clones showed that both productivity and performance at various locations, but has a variety of agronomic characters and other secondary properties. Therefore, the user must choose carefully the appropriate clones agroecological development areas and other types of rubber products to be produced. 

3. Planting Material The most important thing in rubber planting the seeds / planting material, in this case a good planting material is derived from rubber trees grafting. Preparation of planting materials made at least 1.5 years prior to planting. In terms of planting material there are three components that need to be prepared, namely: rootstock (root stoct), entres / upper stem (budwood), and grafting (Grafting) in preparation of planting materials. Preparation of rootstock is an activity to obtain planting materials that have strong roots and good nutrient absorption. To achieve these conditions, required the development of seedling rootstock that meets the technical requirements covering the nursery soil preparation, seed handling, germination, seedling planting, and maintenance of plants in the nursery business To obtain planting material grafting results are both needed a good entres, Basically eye grafting can be drawn from two sources, namely in the form of farm production branches entres or entres from the garden entres. Of the two kinds of grafting this spring should be selected purely entres entres from the garden, because entres branch will produce plants whose growth is not uniform and low okulasinya success. Grafting is one way of plant propagation is done by attaching eye entres from plant to plant similar to the purpose of obtaining superior properties. From the results obtained by grafting to rubber planting materials of superior eye Stum bed, mini Stum, seedlings in polybag, or high Stum. For rubber, this entres eye which is the top of the plant and is characterized by the clones used as the upper trunk. Planting rubber seedlings to be on time to avoid high death tolls in the field. Appropriate planting time is during the rainy season. Also be prepared for the workforce activities to the manufacture of a planting hole, unloading, transporting, and planting seeds. Seeds that have been dismantled should be planted and allowed a grace period of at least one night after the demolition. 

4. Preparation and Planting Planting In the implementation of planting of rubber required various steps taken systematically from land clearing up to planting. a. The opening of land (Land Clearing) Land to grow crops where the rubber must be clean from the remains of logging slash the plants, so the schedule of land clearing should be adapted to the planting schedule. These include land clearing activities (A) clearing the bush, (b) the cutting down of trees, (c) perecanaan and pruning, (d) pendongkelan root timber, (e) stacking and cleaning. Along with the clearing of land settlement was carried out in blocks, the arrangement of the streets of the garden, and the arrangement of drainage channels in the plantation. Arrangement of blocks. 

Garden land criss-crossed by the smallest unit and laid out into blocks measuring 10 -20 ha, every few blocks together into one plot that has the same relative time of planting. Arrangement of streets The road network should be organized and implemented at the time of construction of new plants (year 0) and is associated with the arrangement of land into blokblok plants. Construction of roads in the area of ​​flat and hilly with the guidelines can reach every area of ​​the smallest, with a maximum distance of bear as far as 200 m. Sedapatkan may all superimposed network / connected, so that the overall pattern is an effective road network. Road width adapted to the type / class of roads and means of conveyance to be used. Structuring Drainage Channels After erection spacing is completed, then the creation and arrangement of the drainage channel (drain field) implemented. Sectional area adapted to the rainfall at a certain time unit, and consider factors infiltration and evaporation. All the excess water to drain field trenches flowed at a shelter for the next flows down the drain (drain outlet). b. Preparation of Land Planting In preparing the land of rubber plantation also required the implementation of various activities that systematically can guarantee the quality of land in accordance with the requirements. Some of these steps include: Eradication of Imperata and other weeds On land that has been completed slash and slash and other land that has vegetation reeds, made the eradication of weeds by using chemicals such as Round-up, Scoup, Dowpon or Dalapon. This activity was followed by other weed eradication, either chemically or mechanically. Soil Processing With the goal of cost efficiency, land preparation for planting rubber can be implemented with minimum tillage systems, namely by making the bolt between the rows of one meter by 20 cm wide hoe. 

However, processing of mechanically ground to a specific area can be considered while maintaining conservation and soil fertility. Making a terrace / Map and Citadel / Piket In the area of ​​land that has a slope of more than 50 required terracing / contour plot of the system and into the slope about 150. This is intended to inhibit the possibility of erosion by rainwater. Terrace width ranged from 1.25 to 1.50 cm, depending on the degree of slope. For each of 60-10 trees (depending on the degree of slope 11 ground) made fort / picket with the purpose of preventing erosion on the surface of the map. Irrigation Basically the erection of water is to arbitrate where the hole spacing crop plants with the following provisions: a) In the area of ​​land is relatively flat / sloping (a slope between 00-80) spacing is 7 mx 3 m (= 476 holes / ha) form a straight line following the direction of the East - West is a 7 m and the North - South is a 3 m b) In the area of ​​undulating or hilly land (slope of 8% - 15%) spacing of 8 mx 2, 5 m (= 500 holes / ha) on the terraces are arranged knit every 1.25 m (planting in contour). 

Marker material can use a thin bamboo strips with a size of 20 cm - 30 cm. At each point of fixation marker is a quarry hole to plant. Preparation of Planting Holes The size of the hole for the plant made 60 cm x 60 cm top, and 40 cm x 40 cm bottom with a depth of 60 cm. At the time of a hollow, the upper soil (top soil) were placed on the left and bottom soil (sub soil) placed on the right). Plant hole is left for 1 month before the rubber seedlings are planted. Planting LCC (Legume cover crops = LCC) LCC planting is done before the start of rubber seedlings planted in order to avoid the possibility of erosion, improve soil physical and chemical structure, reducing pengupan water, as well as to limit weed growth. 

The composition of the LCC for each hectare of land is 4 kg. Pueraria javanica, 6 kg Colopogonium mucunoides, and 4 kg Centrosema pubescens, which is mixed into a 5 kg rock phosphate (RP) as a medium. It is also advisable to insert Colopogonium caerulem resistant shade (shade Resistance) ex or ex Steck seeds in small polybags of 1,000 seedlings / ha. Legume crops maintained by weeding, and fertilizing with 200 kg per hectare RP, by spreading flat on the crop legumes. Selection of seedlings Before the seed is planted, first the selection of seeds to obtain planting material to own the properties of a good general, among others: high producing, responsive to stimulation of yield, resistance to pests and leaf diseases and skin, and skin wound healing is good. Some of the conditions to be met seedlings ready for planting are among others: - Seeds of rubber in polybags are already umbrella two. - Eye grafting is really good and has started to sprout - The roots of riding grow well and have a lateral root - Free from fungal root disease (White Root Fungus) Seed needs With a spacing of 7 mx 3 m (for sloping land), rubber seedlings required for planting as many as 476 seeds, and reserve for replanting as many as 47 (10%) so that for every acre of garden required as many as 523 stems of seedlings of rubber. Cultivation In general, the cultivation of rubber in the field carried out in the rainy season is between September to December where there's enough rainfall, and rainy days have more than 100 days. At the time of planting, ground cover holes used top soil mixed with fertilizer RP 100 grams per hole, in addition to fertilizing with urea 50 grams and SP - 36 for 100 grams as basal fertilizer. 5. Maintenance of Plant General maintenance performed on a rubber plantation crops include weed control, fertilization and eradication of plant diseases. Rubber planting area weed control, both immature plants (TBM) and the plant already produces (TM) must be free of weeds such as tall grass, Mekania, Eupatorium, etc. so that plants can grow well. To achieve this, weeding in the first year is based on the age of the plant as follows: TABLE 1. Frequency of Herbicide Weed Control with Plant Age by Age Plant age (years) Condition Application Feature herbicide Width When the frequency of the disc / track Immature plants 2-3 years have not been shut down 3-4 times in March, June, septmber, december 1.5-2.0 m 4-5 years 2-3 times began to close in March, September, June 1.5-2.0 m Generating Plants 6-8 years 2-3 times already shut down in March. September, June 2.0-3.0 m 9-15 years has closed two times in March, September 2.0-3.0 m > 15 years has closed three times in March, September 2.0-3.0 m

Fertilization program

In addition to the basic fertilizer that has been given at the time of planting, fertilizing program on an ongoing basis at a rubber plant should be done with a balanced dose of twice a year. Schedule of fertilization on semeseter I ie in January / February and in the second half of July / August. A week before fertilization, gawangan first disc plants raked and cleaned. Granting SP-36 is usually done two weeks in advance of Urea and KCl. Programs and fertilizing doses rubber plants in general can be seen in the following table.